Clinical use of Forgiveness Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Clinical use of Forgiveness - Research Paper Example motes healthy interpersonal relations as it makes it easier people to get along with each other in good spirit and with no grudges held against one another (Braaten and Darling, 1962). It is based on such studies that the current research paper is being conducted as a means of using quantitative strategies and data collection approaches to test the validity of this position held in literature. But more importantly, the researcher holds the position that before the benefits of forgiveness can be experienced there must first be a means by which forgiveness can take place. In the light of this, the study also focuses on selected factors that can influence the ability of people to forgive each other. On the whole, the study comes as a two-way approach which first focuses on factors that bring about forgiveness and the outcome of forgiveness. To do this, a various sample sizes made up of people with some level of religious background and those with no religious backgrounds were set. The reason for doing this was to measure religiosity and its impact on affecting a person to be forgiving. There were different outcomes that were measured in the various sample groups. These included behavior, affect and cognition. Later in the study, the findings of the intervention on its ability to lead to forgives and the outcome of such interventions are presented and discussed. It is widely known that religiosity and forgiveness have a positive impact on an individual’s psychological, emotional, and physical wellbeing. Numerous studies have attested to the fact that religiosity and forgiveness moderate the growth of suicidal ideation, especially for adolescents. However, even though these correlations are well-documented further research is still needed in this area because of some major gaps in the literature, like the use of cross-cultural methods in examining the correlation between forgiveness and suicidal ideation. Therefore, this study formulated three hypotheses,

Net Framework Essay Example for Free

Net Framework Essay Net Framework is a Microsoft tool provided to the development world with an objective to facilitate the consistent object oriented programming environment. The . net Framework comes as an integral component of Windows Operating System to create a code execution environment. For this the . NET Framework comes with the Common Language Runtime (CLR) and the . NET Framework class library. CLR acts as a standard foundation to build a variety of new applications, where as the . NET Framework class library offers standard implementations new services for CLR-based applications. Such facility of code execution settings will minimize the Software versioning and software deployment conflicts. The built in . net Framework in Operating system will encourage safe execution of code Microsoft’s design goals in building the . net Framework are Component Infrastructure Simplified Development, Language Integration, Reliability, Security and Interoperability The advantages with the . Net Framework include – A Development environment which is language Independent and with Multi-Language Support. The partial platform independency of the . net Framework enables it to work on Linux operating system. The   net Framework supports different types of application development. It even supports the different user accepted tool integration like windows, console, mobile, pocket pc, GPRS, smart client etc. , The major disadvantage is it doesn’t fully support all the operating systems. Unlike Java or JVM, the CLR components, which are essential to run . net application are not readily available. Also the Cost of the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) with . NET, ASP. NET, and C# is another disadvantage. Though alternative IDEs and Text Editors are available to develop the . net application they experience less efficient productivity. The multiple Language integrating and support aspect of CLR enable the languages like VB to easily integrate with . net Framework.. Through this a class written in Visual Basic can inherit from a base class written in another language like COBOL or C++, when implemented on . NET. This interoperability is supported by the metadata of the CLR in . net Framework. References: .NET Framework Advantages, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. startvbdotnet. com/dotnet/frameworkadvantages. aspx .NET Framework (2), Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. developerfusion. com/samplechapter/1678/introducing-net/3/

Alaska Airlines Flight Human Factors

Alaska Airlines Flight Human Factors The term human factors can be defined as anything to do with humans. In aviation maintenance human conditions like stress, illness, complacency are important because if these factors are not taken care of can lead to fatal accidents. Human factors in aviation industry have become more significant as over the time it has been realized that in most airborne accidents, human error is the main reason rather than mechanical failure. Human Factors are too broad a definition for our understanding of its application in aircraft maintenance. It focuses on a wide range of challenges faced by any human in his/her day to day personal or professional life and when combined how they can lead to human errors and ultimately to a fatal accident. This report is the case study of one such incident, Alaska Airlines Flight 261, a McDonnell Douglas MD 83, which crashed into Pacific Ocean near Anacapa Island, California killing all 88 people on board. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determines that the probable cause of this accident was a loss of airplane pitch control resulting from the in-flight failure of the horizontal stabilizer trim system jackscrew assemblys acme nut threads. The thread failure was caused by excessive wear resulting from Alaska Airlines insufficient lubrication of the jackscrew assembly (NTSB (2003). Loss of Control and Impact with Pacific Ocean Alaska Airlines Flight 261. WASHINDTON, DC: NTSB. 180.) After going through the accident and studying all the possible causes of this fatal accident it has been observed that it was the chain of events that led to one error after the other. The Cheese Error Model is used for analysis to explain the causes. C:UsersYashikaDesktopswisscheese2.gif Fig 1 (http://www.aviation.unsw.edu.au/about/articles/swisscheese.html) SYNOPSIS According to NTSB report 2003, on January 31, 2000, about 1621 Pacific standard time, Alaska Airlines flight 261, a McDonnell Douglas MD-83, N963AS, crashed into the Pacific Ocean about 2.7 miles north of Anacapa Island, California. The 2 pilots, 3 cabin crewmembers, and 83 passengers on board were killed, and the airplane was destroyed by impact forces. Flight 261 was operating as a scheduled international passenger flight under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 121 from Lic Gustavo Diaz Ordaz International Airport, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, to Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, Seattle, Washington, with an intermediate stop planned at San Francisco International Airport, San Francisco, California. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the flight, which operated on an instrument flight rules flight plan. (NTSB. (2003). HISTORY OF FLIGHT. In: NTSB Loss of Control and Impact with Pacific Ocean, Alaska Airlines Flight 261. WASHINDTON, DC: NTSB. 1.) PROBABLE CAUSE The National Transportation Safety Board carried out an intense investigation to find out what brought the flight 261 down and founded many reasons responsible for this accident. The NTSB report considered the main reason as the loss of airplane pitch control due to the in-flight failure of the horizontal stabilizer trim system jackscrew assemblys acme nut threads. The thread failed because of excessive wear resulting from Alaska Airlines insufficient lubrication of the jackscrew assembly. NTSB reports also mentions about the design flaw of McDonnell Douglas MD-80 as it didnt have fail safe mechanism to prevent the disastrous effects of failure of acme nut threads. AEROPLANE INFORMATION The McDonnell Douglas MD-83 is low wing, twin engine commercial aircraft. The horizontal stabilizer is mounted on top of the 18-foot-high vertical stabilizer in a T-tail configuration and controls the pitch movement of an aircraft. The horizontal stabilizer is about 40 feet long and its movement is provided by the jackscrew assembly, which consists of an acme screw and nut, a torque tube inside the acme screw, two gearboxes, motors an alternate and a primary trim motor, and associated components. C:UsersYashikaDesktopAlaska 261 1.gif Fig 2 http://www.tailstrike.com/310100.htm The movement of horizontal stabilizer is controlled either by autopilot automatically when engaged or manually by the pilots by de-pressing either set of dual trim switches (located on each control wheel), moving the dual longitudinal trim handles on the center control pedestal, or moving the dual alternate trim control switches on the center pedestal. Through these controls one of the two electric motors that rotate the acme screw by applying torque to the titanium torque tube that is held fixed inside the acme screw gets activated. When autopilot senses that the horizontal stabilizer has reached the desired pitch trim condition or when pilot commands are terminated, or when the horizontal stabilizer reaches its maximum travel limits the motor is de-energized. The MD-80 horizontal stabilizers design limits are 12.2 ° leading edge down, which results in airplane-nose-up trim, and 2.1 ° leading edge up, which results in airplane-nose-down trim. In Alaska flight 261, horizontal sta bilizers went beyond its design limit plunging the aircraft nose and rolling the plane to 360 °. ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION The captain and first officer of Alaska Flight 261 were highly qualified and experienced pilots of Alaska Airlines. There were no medical problems or any other drug abuse that could have affected the performance of either pilot. The Alaska Airlines Flight 261 was dispatched in accordance with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations and approved procedures by Alaska Airlines. Prior to take off and during the initial phase of the flight, the longitudinal trim control system was functioning normally and did not record any problems but as they reached 23,400 feet pilots realized the horizontal stabilizer on tail plane was not moving and they immediately carried out a standard checklist to try and free the stabilizer. They tried to troubleshoot the problem by repeatedly trying the two switches that operate the stabilizer. The primary motor is activated by both the switch on the control stick known as pickle switch and a longitudinal sliding handle on the pedestal but both the sy stems were inoperative so they decided to disengage the autopilot and fly the plane themselves. The jammed stabilizer was pushing the nose of aircraft towards the ground therefore it was taking lot of physical strength for the pilots to keep the plane at level altitude. Meanwhile they contacted ground maintenance to seek advice or if there is any hidden switch or system they are not aware of but dint get any considerable help. As they were approaching to the destination the problems got worst. For one more time pilots tried to free the jammed stabilizer by turning on both alternate and primary motors at same time. The plane plunged downwards for over a minute. Pilots tried to level the plane and they did with lot of efforts. They slowed the plane and informed Air Traffic Controller at Los Angeles and made a decision for emergency landing at Los Angeles. They tried to contact the ground maintenance again but they did not appreciate the significance of the situation and pilots had no appreciable advice from them. They slowed down the plane and headed towards Los Angeles when suddenly the jackscrew holding the horizontal stabilizer broke moving the stabilizer way beyond its aerodynamic limits. The aircraft plunged rapid losing altitude. It rolled 360 degrees and ultimately crashed into Pacific Ocean killing 5 crew members and 83 passengers onboard. After going through all the incident and report of NTSB, it is clear that it was not just the mechanical failure of jackscrew assembly but it was a sequence of events that ultimately led to failure of acme nut threads which was paid off by the lives of 88 innocent people on board. Number of factors contributed to the crash of flight 261. The summative economical and organizational pressure led Alaska Airlines to increase the lubrication interval of jackscrew assembly and FAA oversight to those extensions and use of unapproved tools and measures. Along with these the maintenance staff falsified the records of work done when actually the work wasnt done. This evaluation involves the use of Swiss Cheese Model to explain the chain of events like design flaw, inadequate maintenance, extended lubrication and end play check intervals and deficient maintenance procedures of Alaska Airlines that led the tragic end of Alaska airlines flight 261. The design of McDonnell Douglas MD-80 had major design flaw to it. The horizontal stabilizer jackscrew assembly did not have the fail safe mechanism to prevent the disastrous effects of failure of acme nut thread. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certification procedures for DC-9 did not sufficiently considered the consequences of excessive wear in context to horizontal stabilizer jackscrew assembly. Designers of the system presumed that at least one set of the jackscrew assemblys acme screw and nut threads would always be sound and engaged to act as a load path. Therefore, the consequences of stripped acme nut threads and the corresponding effect on the airplane (including the possibility of the acme screw disengaging from the acme nut) were not considered in the design of the horizontal stabilizer trim system. After the accident the investigators recovered the wreckage from 700 feet underneath the sea. The horizontal stabilizer jackscrew assembly were found intact and attached to the horizontal stabilizers front spar. The acme screw was found cracked but attached to the support assembly. Metallic filaments were found wrapped around the central part of the acme screw. Fig 3 http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?do=main.textpostid=a406ede6-772f-4c84-a95f-410a0744a8ca The probable cause of this was the inadequate maintenance procedures of Alaska Airlines. In aviation industry there is enormous pressure to maintain, rectify and deliver the plane on scheduled time to prevent the delay in departure of flight. The economic turn down in early 1990s had hit the company badly and they started to fly their fleets more intensively thereby sharply increasing the planes average daily use and thus altering the maintenance intervals. The initial C-check interval of Alaska Airline was 2,500 flight hours. The recommended C-check interval according to MRB (Maintenance Review Board) report was either 3,500 flight hours or 15 months, whichever came first. In 1988, Alaska airlines extended its C-check intervals to every 13 months (which was about 3,200 flight hours, based on the average airplane utilization rate at Alaska Airlines at the time). In 1996, again the C-check interval was extended to 15 months (which was about 4,775 flight hours, based on the average air plane utilization rate at Alaska Airlines at the time). The task of lubrication of jackscrew assembly was to be accomplished in every B-check intervals which was increased to 500 hours in 1987 from 350 hours in 1985. However in 1988, Alaska Airlines removed B-checks and the entire tasks of B checks were conjoint with A-checks and C-checks. Lubrication of jackscrew assembly was due at every eighth A-check or every 12,000 hours of flight but in July 1966 the task of jackscrew assembly lubrication was removed from A-check and was placed on a time-controlled task card with time interval of 8 months. At that time there was no accompanying flight-hour limit and thus based on airplane utilization rates at that time, 8 months was about 2,550 flight hours. Also the investigators found widespread deficiencies within the Alaska Airlines maintenance procedures. Two years before, during the crashed airliners last overhaul one of the lead mechanic at airlines Oakland maintenance facility had ordered the jackscrew for this particular aircraft. He then went off shift and his recommendation was over ruled by the next shift personnel and the plane was put back to service. It would be 2 years for the next due overhaul but the time ran out and flight 261 faced the fatal consequences. Fig 3 http://www.ntsb.gov/doclib/reports/2002/AAR0201.pdf Along with extended intervals Alaska Airlines changed the lubrication grease from Mobilgrease 28 to Aeroshell 33 even after McDonnell Douglas didnt approve it completely. Alaska Airlines notified FAA about this change but FAA dint reply to this change until the flight 261 accident after which it disapproved the use of grease Aeroshell 33. Not only this, the maintenance personnel at Alaska Airlines were not trained properly for the lubrication task. It was evident when in interview with the mechanic responsible to carry out the lubrication task stated that the lubrication task took about 1 hour, whilst Boeing documents and testimony said that, when properly done, the task should take more than 4 person hours. INCOMPLETE: small access panel (include in design flaw), important senior managers positions vacant for 2 years, missing records. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..Page no 171 of NTSB report. FAA oversight CONCLUSION Following can be concluded from the above analysis: The flight crew on Alaska flight 261 was fully qualified and had received sufficient training as per the federal regulations. Both the pilots did not have any preexisting medical conditions that could jeopardize with flights safety. The flight 261 was dispatched in accordance with the FAAs regulations and Alaska airlines procedures. The weight and balance of the plane was within the limit. Weather was not the factor for the accident and there was no evidence of fire or bird impact or any other foreign object damage. Both the engines were functioning normal during the flight. Air traffic control personnel was properly certified and qualified for the respective jobs. The horizontal stabilizer was functioning normally during the initial phase of flight but jammed at 23,400 feet. Neither the pilots nor the ground maintenance staff could understand the reason for this jam. The worn threads inside the horizontal stabilizer acme nut were incrementally sheared off by the acme screw and were completely sheared off during the accident flight. As the airplane passed through 23,400 feet, the acme screw and nut jammed, preventing further movement of the horizontal stabilizer until the initial dive. As there was no checklist present to land as soon as possible and the circumstances confronting the flight crew, their decision not to return to Lic Gustavo Diaz Ordaz International Airport, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, immediately after recognizing the horizontal stabilizer trim system malfunction was understandable. The flight crews use of the autopilot while the horizontal stabilizer was jammed was not appropriate. The flight crews decision to divert the flight to Los Angeles International Airport, Los Angeles, California, rather than continue to San Francisco International Airport, San Francisco, California, as originally planned was apposite. Alaska Airlines dispatch personnel appear to have attempted to influence the flight crew to continue to San Francisco International Airport, San Francisco, California instead of diverting to Los Angeles International Airport, Los Angeles, California. There was no effective lubrication on the acme screw and nut interface at the time of the Alaska Airlines flight 261 accident.

Corticosteroids: What I Learned from Prednisone :: Medicine Health Drugs

Corticosteroids: What I Learned from Prednisone If wellness equals homeostasis, then illness may be considered a loss or breakdown of homeostasis. Illness can be mild and require little or no intervention; sometimes the body will heal itself. At other times, though, illness can be a breakdown in the whole system. Sometimes, when something goes wrong, the brain loses the ability to fix itself or its extension, the body. To treat the illness, there are many drugs: some placebo-like and some are very potent, with enormous healing properties. Some drugs are homeopathic; they come from the earth in the form of herbs and have been used effectively to heal mild and annoying symptoms for hundreds of years. There are also beyond these, new and potent drugs that come from pharmaceutical laboratories. Some of these drugs have great healing power, but carry with them a double-edged sword, a healing edge and a destructive edge. It is one of these drugs, prednisone, that I wish to discuss in this paper. Physicians have prescribed prednison e to many of their patients who have life-threatening conditions. To illustrate, here is a quote from internationally known flutist and television commentator on the arts, Eugenia Zuckerman, who was diagnosed with an immunopathic lung disease. "I can breathe! In less than twenty-four hours I am practicing the flute with the kind of breath control I've been missing for months. And all it took was one day and sixty milligrams of prednisone! ...I feel a little shaky and weird, but I can play the flute! But now it is three days later. It is the middle of the night. I'm squinting into the mirror in the bathroom. Only seventy-two hours into my prednisone therapy and my face is definitely spreading. I'm already turning into a pumpkin." (2). I understand what Eugenia Zuckerman meant. I was also on prednisone. Corticosteroids (9) are wonderful-terrible-wonderful drugs. They make you crazy. (I was in psychotherapy.) They increase your appetite and increase your weight. (I was always hungry.) They put your nervous system on high alert. (I was nervous and frightened, my hands were shaky, and one eyelid twitched.) They produce edema. (My face and ankles swelled.) They cause insomnia, (I stayed up most of the night watching old movies on television.) Moreover, they give you the "gift" of boundless energy.

Islamic Women

Islamic Women†¦ Is There an End to their sufferings? The question proposed in the title is basically a direct response after going through Geraldine Brooks’ essay â€Å"Nine Parts of Desire; The Hidden World of Islamic Women† in its second chapter. Geraldine poses several ideas and personal experiences in which she tries to understand the mystery of the perpetuating repressive and barbaric practices (genital mutilation, infibulations, hysterectomy, and honor killings) that have nothing to do with Koranic teachings.She starts her essay in a detailed description of a gruesome and shocking scene of a hysterectomy procedure that took place under poor and unequipped conditions (Brooks 33). Many women that were subjected to such practices ended up dead. For such manner, Dr. Abrehet Gebrekidan, a gynecologist, offered the Eritreans help since her skills will ensure their survival (Brooks 34). Furthermore, the Kuran refused the existence of the dreadful genital mutilation procedures, but the women were not educated enough to read it (Brooks 35).And despite the consequences of such procedures, they believed that such procedures were to safeguard the girls’ chastity where the honor of the fathers and brothers depended on (Brooks 37). As for men, they believed that these operations are equivalent to their honors, therefore they must repress women sexualities by turning off their pleasure sites otherwise they will end up as prostitutes (Brooks 35). The prophet Muhammad, who is the ideal person of all Muslims, believed that women should enjoy sexual intercourse with their husbands. And that it is forbidden to take away women desires (Brooks 39).According to Muslims, specifically Shiite, adultery â€Å"sigheh or muta† is acceptable and sanctioned by a cleric where the couple are together mainly for having sex and providing money (Brooks 43). Brooks also mentions the idea of honor killings that were and still adopted in some Islamic tribes. Th ey believe that fathers and brothers have the right to kill their own daughters or sisters when suspecting that they are having sexual intercourse without marriage (Brooks 49). Brooks obviously mentions that the Kuran (Islam) is not a mean of oppression to women, but then why are there so many women oppressed?All this leads to my personal stand towards such an essential and critical issue. I agree with Geraldine Brooks that Islamic women should strive against such unfair practices and beliefs, and to free themselves from the power of ruled Islamic men for they are suffering from severe consequences. Islamic women should articulate spokeswomen to put an end to their miseries where they can maintain physical, social, and emotional stability. Imagine you were one of the African women who were subjected to such horrifying operation, how would you feel? Frightened, disgusted, hopeless, and worthless.Genital mutilation is a result of delusions of men where they think that their honor will be preserved and maintained through such operations. It is devastating what they do to such women. Their clitoris is cut off in an unprofessional way with poor and unclean equipment which led them to suffer from a lot of pain during sexual intercourse. Moreover, such women used to bleed to death during such operations or if not during the operation then later by suffering from severe infections and debilitating anemia (Brooks 34). To prove such point, Brooks reflected the real life experience of a woman that had her clitoris cut off when she was eight.After getting married, she was subjected to pain every time she had sex with her husband. And giving birth to her last fifth child ended her life (Brooks 33). Women are suffering from physical malfunctions and even death for something they are born with. Is it fair for men to have their honors preserved at the expense of losing so many innocent women? Isn’t there another way? According to the Kuran in Islam, and the hadith of t he prophet Mohammad, women have the complete right to enjoy sex and satisfy their pleasures with their husbands.Men and women are equal when it comes to sex; however they should be married as the Sharia (Law) of Islam states (Brooks 39). The Islamic religion did not mention about hysterectomy and did not approve of it as a way to reflect man’s honor. The prophet Muhammad considered sex to be not only a mean to have children but an enjoyable and pleasurable relation between the couple, and he himself enjoyed it with all his wives (Brooks 41). Moreover, some people might think that the citizens in Saudi Arabia are always confused about sex since they’re women are covered with a veil.However, these people talk about sex all the time and it is not a shy topic for them. For example, Brooks knew a couple in Saudi Arabia that fell in love over the phone and agreed to instantly marry. When Brooks was invited to their home, she was surprised that women there talk about sex all the time and it is a mean for pleasure (Brooks 40). This ensures and proves that women who are having sex while married and enjoying it, is socially and religiously acceptable. But despite that, people are ignoring such issues and girls that did not even reach the age of ten don’t have a choice.They are just taught that it is important for them to undergo hysterectomy for the sake of their families. The horrors of these operations keep haunting them throughout their lives until they are long gone. One by one, all these women are being killed for the sake of their spouses believing that it is the right choice. It is so ironic to me that women get married to die instead of living happily ever after. Women are definitely imprisoned by the power of men. Till now, the sufferings of women that I’ve explained are because of men’s demands and authorities.To be more precise, here comes the notion of so-called â€Å"honor killing†. To men, and especially Islamic me n, honor is extremely important to them and the family in their own society. It is so important that they would kill their own flesh and blood for the sake of preserving their honors. In her essay, Brooks mentions the example of the nineteen years old girl that was found tied up in a burned-out car. She was murdered by her own father because the girl was pregnant and unmarried (Brooks 51). The poor little girl had an affair probably with her loved one, and for that she faced her miserable destiny.Isn’t it all cleared out now? All these crimes, inhumane acts, and the never ending miseries of women are the result of the demands and satisfaction of the ruling men. Therefore, gynecologists revealed a new modern way for such girls to protect themselves for death by undergoing a procedure called hymenoplasty, also known as hymen reconstruction surgery. Lebanon is one of the Arab countries that adopted such procedure (Hankir 387). In Lebanon, the majority of people find having sex b efore marriage a taboo and a sin. To them, virginity of a girl is something so sacred and it determines her honor.Therefore, a girl must remain virgin until she gets married otherwise no man will accept her, and it will cause a lot of problems in her family (Hankir 387). For example, a twenty five-year-old Diana wants to get her hymen reconstructed because she is afraid of losing the one she wants to marry, and she can’t risk having her family find out. Obviously, the man she loves doesn’t accept her as a non virgin (Hankir 387). But the generation now a days is very much different than the generation of our parents and their parents. Sexuality, and especially in Lebanon, has become something normal between two couples.Many teenagers are having sex since their beliefs and mentalities are more up to date and westernized. Also, they can always resort to hymenoplasty as a solution for their â€Å"sins†. I believe that this procedure is somehow helpful in certain ca ses. For example, when a girl gets raped, she can undergo hymenoplasty to cover up for something she had nothing to do with. If she didn’t, many boys will refuse to marry her, and she will be judged wrongly all her life. Genital mutilation is definitely not a substitution for honor killing and vice versa. Both highlight and reflect crimes, inhumanity, and barbarity.Can’t we all just build a society where it is banned from men controlling women and having the right to kill their daughters? A society where women are as much powerful as men and are not afraid to hide their reality with a plastic surgery? Also, there should exist an acceptable punishment for those girls far away from ending their lives since God only is responsible for such duty. To sum up, we live in the Arab world where man was and is still dominant over women. Men tend to control the lives of women as they want to as if they are nothing more than slaves.Honor killing, genital mutilation, and no educatio n are all part of the plan of men. Women are just for satisfying the pleasure of men, and giving birth. Men fear the idea of educating women since they will become as powerful as men and seek to free and protect themselves from the captivation of men. And this leads me to my final stand. Women are capable of living a much more healthy and happy life by strengthening their will and educating themselves. They should not tolerate the demands of men for they bring nothing but miseries and severe consequences on their lives.

Theme of Status in Daisy Miller

In the short story, â€Å"Daisy Miller†, by Edith Wharton, a common obsession is found with the status and respectability of the characters presented in the story. Edith develops this obsession as a theme that is supported by European and American ideals, character’s viewpoints, and character’s actions in the story â€Å"Daisy Miller†. The theme of status and respectability is largely developed by the ideals of the society found within Daisy Miller. The story originates in Switzerland and then later goes on to take place in Rome. In each of these cities, the story implies that status is highly regarded and that the society looks down upon certain unrespectable behaviors. The European societies of Daisy Miller watch and titter over the apparent reckless behavior of this young girl, as this behavior is not acceptable to the upper class. Daisy Miller, as viewed by the European society, a reckless, flirtatious, and imprudent girl, who does not heed societal standards. Her most dishonorable actions are that she tends to spend time with various men in the community. The upper classes find that Daisy’s promenading with various men in public is of upmost disgrace. Throughout the story their views on this sort of behavior are often voiced. In a conversation between Winterbourne, a man who becomes slightly involved with Daisy, and Mrs. Walker, an overseer of Daisy, the criticism of Daisy Miller’s actions is voiced. â€Å" That girl must not do this sort of thing. She must not walk here with you two men. Fifty people have noticed her. † Winterbourne raised his eyebrows. I think it’s a pity to make too much fuss about it. † â€Å"I think it’s a pity to let the girl ruin herself! † The story Daisy Miller tends to revolve around this idea that Daisy is â€Å"ruining herself† due to her irresponsible actions. The society of Europe is very absorbed with Daisy’s respectability; an example of how to the respectability of an individual greatly affects their status in society. Because Daisy and her family are of low class, Daisy’s irresponsible actions easily bring them to an even lower status. The main character Mr. Winterbourne supports the theme of respect and status by acting as a narrator for the follies of Daisy Miller as well as a connection between her and the upper-class ideals of status and respectability. When he is not with Daisy, Mr. Winterbourne is often listening to what is being said about her. â€Å"They ceased to invite her, they intimated that they desired to express to observant Europeans the great truth that, though Miss Daisy Miller was a young American lady, her behavior was not representative. Mr. Winterbourne is highly aware of Daisy’s dishonorable reputation that she gains in the European, especially Roman society, and continuously notes how she falls on the societal scale. Mr. Winterbourne’s obsession with how Daisy Miller is perceived in their society is an important part of what carries the theme of respect and status throughout the short story. Mr. Winterbourne not only perceives Daisy Miller’s affect on society but also d ebates with himself the reasons behind her dishonorable actions. He asked himself whether Daisy’s defiance came from the consciousness of innocence, or from her being, essentially, a young person of reckless class. † In instances such as this, Mr. Winterbourne continuously seeks to rationalize why Daisy dishonors herself through such reckless actions. The theme of status and respectability is also supported by the actions of Daisy Miller herself. Daisy Miller begins by chasing after status in the European society. She often talks of the â€Å"society† in her European community as a class which she strives to be apart. Daisy Miller realizes that she is found to be disrespectable however, tries to believe that this is not the truth. When Winterbourne implies how Daisy Miller perceived in Rome, she acts as though she does not believe him. â€Å" â€Å"Of course I care to know! † Daisy exclaimed seriously. â€Å"But I don’t believe it. They are only pretending to be shocked. † She illustrates the importance of respect and status in both European and American societies. She is very concerned with the respect and status that she has in her society, however is naive of how she fails to gain either of those things. Daisy’s innocence is what saves her from the realization that she is in fact, bringing herself down to a lower space in the social ladder. â€Å"Miss Daisy Miller looked extremely innocent. Some people had told him that, after all, the American girls were exceedingly innocent.. † Daisy Miller is also important to the theme of respect and status in that she provides an outlet for the societal views of what is respectful and what is not. Obviously, â€Å"going around† with men is not a respectable course of action for Daisy Miller, and for this she is ostracized from her society. In the short story, â€Å"Daisy Miller† a societal criticism of respect and status is provided as a major theme. Daisy Miller’s actions are the central to the stories plot, and the criticism that she receives by the â€Å"society† is a constant aspect of the stories plot. Various characters express this criticism, however, the most important of these characters are Mr. Winterbourne, and Daisy herself. Mr. Winterbourne and Daisy each express opposite views towards the societies criticism; however, their separate views, as well as those demonstrated by the society of Europe dramatically support the theme of respect and status in the short story.

Boost Future Potential With An MBA Program Online Program Essay Example

Boost Future Potential With An MBA Program Online Program Essay Example Boost Future Potential With An MBA Program Online Program Essay Boost Future Potential With An MBA Program Online Program Essay You already have your bachelor’s degree, but more training would make you more competitive. In this ever-changing market, every advantage counts. If it’s time to advance your career and increase stability, an online MBA can provide you the edge you need. Going to school via an online university degree program is a little different than the traditional experience. Still, there are some distinct advantages to taking this route. In fact, many of the differences are also seen as strengths for this type of program. If you’re interested in an online MBA program, you’ll discover these differences between a typical classroom and learning from the comfort of your own home or office: More individualized attention – While online degree programs can vary in their structure, in most cases, students enjoy a more personalized relationship with their instructors. This can greatly benefit returning students who are intimidated by the size of traditional classrooms. Plus, it can be a real boon for those who prefer to work at their own pace and on their own level. In many cases, this type of learning opportunity enables students to spend more time on topics that they find difficult while gaining the benefit of assistance from a professor. Greater convenience – Getting an online MBA means enjoying a tremendous amount of flexibility. This can be very important for students who are currently employed and would like to stay that way. Online MBA classes are much easier to work around a schedule than classroom-bound programs. While online MBA programs used to be offered by schools that no one had ever heard of, this is no longer the case. Private and public universities all over the country are expanding their offerings to the online world. As this happens, the prestige of online degree programs is rising rapidly. When it’s time to go back to college to better secure the future, online programs can make a difference. Although this style of learning is different than the traditional, it does offer its own advantages.

Extract from Angelas Ashes essays

Extract from Angela's Ashes essays The story starts with a boy named Frank that catches typhoid fever. A doctor comes into his house, checks him, and then takes him and his mom to the hospital. In the hospital, they stick tubes with blood to him, Soldiers blood, and then he falls asleep. Frank awakes many times and sees nuns and nurses and doctors doing stuff to him. Then he sees a priest doing the Extreme Unction to him and then he falls asleep again. After Frank gets over the crisis, his father comes and tells him hes a great soldier, and then he has to go. The nurse tells Frank hes a miracle for getting over the crisis. After that, a girl from another room talks to him, shes called Patricia Madigan, shes 14 and she has diphtheria. They start talking but the nun comes in and tells them they cant talk. They keep talking regularly and one day, the girl sends a book to Frank through the man that mops the floor, Seamus. Its a book about English History. Patricia also had a book of poems, so she read them to Frank. She read a poem called The Highwayman that was exiting so Frank liked it very much. But one day, Sister Rita comes in and catches them talking so she tells Seamus to take the boy to an empty ward upstairs and so he cant talk with Patricia anymore. The ward upstairs has 20 beds and that ward had been used a long time ago during a shortage of food in Ireland that happened in the 1840s. The nun says that it was good that he was away from Patricia who wouldnt live to be old. Frank feels really sad because he understood what the nurse really meant and because he couldnt show that he understood. So he couldnt cry about a girl that taught him a lovely poem that the nurse said was bad. Then Seamus says Frank might come out any day and that he doesnt know about Patricia. Patricia dies two days after that. Feeling it was her fault that Frank was shifted, ...

Consumer Behaviour Research Report Issues Facing Consumers in Adopting Article

Consumer Behaviour Research Report Issues Facing Consumers in Adopting The New Product - Article Example The adoption process is a long one and which involves a variety stages. The first stage is awareness where the consumer becomes exposed to the new idea, good or service. The second stage is the Interest stage where the consumer seeks information related to the product. This is done through a variety of ways such as from brochures, from friends etc. The third stage is the evaluation stage where the consumer of the product considers the possibility of trying the new product. The fourth stage is the Trial stage where the consumer tries the new product on rather a small scale so as to improve his or her estimate of the product’s value. The last stage is the adoption stage where the consumer will make use of the product on a large scale and on a regular basis. Therefore from the above discussion we have seen that adopting a particular product is not a simple task and so much has to be done on the part of the producer to make sure that the new product is adopted by his/her potential customers. There are a variety of issues that face consumers in adopting the new product, these include: the Internal/external environment, the socio cultural and psychological factors, attitudes, beliefs, learning and decision making . The above named factors are explained below. Internal/external environment The success of a new good or service is high dependent on the internal and external environmental factors of a particular company or organization. The internal environment of the organization comprise of the management, the staff, the methods of production involved in coming up with the product or service and its distribution channels. The management should come up with strategies of marketing the product to ensure that many people are aware of the product so that they increase the chances of consumers using it. The staff on the other hand should perceive the product positively so that they talk well of the product to potential consumers (Consumer Buying Behavior, n.d.). They should also be motivated so that they can find something positive to talk about. The production channels should be efficient such that they are able to produce the required number of products to meet demand. This can be through use of appropriate technology and manpower. The distribution channels should be such that they can reach many consumers of the product. If the consumer hears about a certain product he/she should be able to find it in the nearest shop. For Philip Island Nature Park, they should motivate the staff so that they are able to speak positively of the new project. The management should also design strategies that will make people know of the existence of this new project (Solomon, 2010, pp.26-58). The external environment also plays a big role especially with regards to perception. The consumers need to be aware of the company in a positive light so that they can feel proud being associated with their products. If this is done the adoption process is made easy because people will want to try out the new product and if they feel good they will adopt it. It will also reduce the cost of generating awareness and interest in the people before they begin to evaluate the product. The consumers will move directly to the trial stage and this saves a lot of money for the company as

Success and Strategies of Sony 1995 to 2005 Essay

Success and Strategies of Sony 1995 to 2005 - Essay Example The features of this console were graphics of high quality and enhanced sound effects. It made the millions of gamers all over the world reconsider their conception of a quality gaming. (Mizuno et al, 1994) The fist unit gained so much popularity all over the world, that a new improved version of this computer system was soon released. This was PlayStation2. As the Sony specialists describe this hardware, "PlayStation2 is designed to combinetraditional interactive video gaming with music and DVD functionality". (Mizuno et al, 1994) Ken Kutaragi from Sony Computer Inc. said the following about this new improved system: "Just as PlayStation brought interactive gaming to an unprecedented mass market, PlayStation2's combination of breathtaking digital graphics, superb sound and DVD video will open the doors to a new computer entertainment experience in the home". (qtd in Mizuno et al, 1994) In addition to improved graphics and sound, the new system had few technical enhancements: it allowed easy process of transition due to interoperability of the games developed for Sony PlayStation 1 and accessories made especially for the games of PlayStation2. Sony PlayStation2 was released at the beginning of 2000, and it quickly found lots of faithful gamers long before chief competitors of the company, Nintendo and Microsoft. Strategic management concepts and their implementation in the case with Sony Entertainment Inc. have some specifications that are necessary to be observed and investigated in order to understand success of this company in the period of 1995-2005 year. The first item to be observed is the resources. The company's strategy is to change fully its electronics niche by means of connecting more goods with their games and their business in the sphere of entertainment in general. Sony obtains the resources, and it was reported that they sold about 30000000 of PlayStation2 units all over the world before the price cut. CSFB (Credit Suisse First Boston) supposes that Sony has shipped about 8000 000 of PlayStation2 units in North America after the unit was introduced. The commentators write that "price reductions are usually made to acquire market share, but this hasn't been a problem for them. Estimates through March made a showing that 70,000 plus PS2's were sold each week compared to 60,000 plus Xbox's and GameCube's combined". (Schlender, 2005) It is customary to regard Sony as a company that has resources to produce profit due to experienced staff, managers, and their successful efforts of bringing all their products into success. The next issue is skills or capabilities. Sony Entertainment Inc. has a staff capable of producing innovations. In addition, this company is supported by game directors, computer experts and developers in all countries of the world. They also have numerous affiliations with various companies that help them in support of their devices. Here are some reports in the news concerning Sony products: "Their latest game a crime epic called The Getaway will make a stunning appearance". "Sony Computer Entertainment Europe's Team Soho and Ascension Technology have set a new standard for motion capture: Production for the forthcoming PlayStation2 game The Getaway was the first ever to capture the motions of five performers at once, in real time".

Discuss the relationship between the design of religious architecture Essay

Discuss the relationship between the design of religious architecture and the interests and requirements of the religious tradit - Essay Example This paper will provide more insight into this analogy through discussing four historical religious architectures: the Altar of Zeus, Egyptian pyramids, Suleymaniye Mosque and St. Peter’s Basilica. The Altar of Zeus was created by ancient Greeks, Egyptian pyramids were erected by ancient Egyptians, Suleymaniye Mosque was developed by Muslims and St. Peter’s Basilica was designed by Romans. The Altar of Zeus provides a good Hellenistic Greek sculpture example, which was built between 166 and 156 BCE. The altar is crafted with art and sculpture, which depicts narrations. The Gigantochamy frieze, which adorns the base of the altar, has at least 100 distinct panels that show combats between gods and giants. Here, one connects with the Greek legend where Zaas decided to abandon Gaia’s after the new gods (led by Zeus and in support by Zaas) defeated the old gods (led by Cronus). The East Frieze sculpture, on the other hand, constitutes significant Olympic gods such as Hecate, Artemis, Zeus, Athena and Ares. In the same way, the north, south and west frieze sculptures continue with sculptural and relief narrations of various Greek gods.1 The altar, also known as the Altar of Pergamon, stands at 115 feet in width and 110 feet in depth. The altar was accessible through a stairway, from the west, which led up to a roofed hall extending to the front and sides of the altar. This altar is very important to the people, who regard it highly and it’s highly respected. It has been in existence for quite a long time and many people have high regard for the altar. Due to this fact, the altar of Pergamon is well preserved and taken care of. Ancient Egyptian pyramids held similar themes in architectural designs. The pyramids were erected on the west bank of the River Nile. This was in accordance with Egypt’s religious doctrine which stated that the dead should rest where the sun sets.2 In addition, most pyramids were covered with limestone, which was meant to give them a shiny appearance from a distance. Despite the fact that the pyramids were designed as tombstones for prominent persons such as kings and queens, they were embalmed with religious material. Outstandingly, the pyramids were meant to purify bodies in wait for the afterlife. Within the pyramids were sculptures, paintings and carvings, which portrayed spirituality. In addition, there were illustrations upon the tomb walls, also known as the Book of the Dead, which were meant to guide the deceased in their atonement of sins in preparation for the afterlife. The pyramids also consisted of airways and tunnels, which served to prevent decomposition. The Suleymaniye Mosque was named after Sultan Suleyman who requested it to be built after the Sehzade Mosque was not deemed as satisfactory. Sinan had built the Sehzade Mosque to commemorate the death of Prince Mehmed who had died of smallpox. The Suleymaniye Mosque was completed in 1557 and was of remarkable interior spa ce, height and intricate detail.3 The mosque consisted of four lengthy and thin minarets and a dome, which had a height of over 50 meters. Surrounding the mosque was a kulliye comprising of public baths, schools for teaching Quran, Hadith and primary school children, library, soup kitchen and a hospital. The public baths were situated near the entrance of the mosque since Muslims would take off their shoes before

Assignment prompt Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Prompt - Assignment Example â€Å"Cask of Amontillado† bears a setting of a city which is anonymous and probably the time period is somewhere in or around 18th century. The point that triggers a query regarding this story in mind is about its anonymity. Is this anonymity deliberate or just for the sake of plot development? The question that â€Å"The Tell-Tale† raises is about the extreme use of psychological element in Gothic and what exactly the symbol of vulture, or the eyes of a vulture to be more precise, stands in the story. A thorough and a close introspection into the stories will easily inform its readers that the plots of both the fictions are constituted deliberately in a format that will arouse the feeling of suspense among them. In the story, â€Å"Cask of Amontillado†, the use of flashback is to put stress on the episode on which the total mystery of the story is banking upon. Montresor’s motive of murder is for the readers to solve and detect the mystery without a detective in the story and hence, the use of flashback in this regard becomes more essential. The last few sentences of the story clarify the motive of the writer. The expression of Montresor and his mentioning about the period of murder builds horror in the story and recalling of the hanging of Fortunato’s body from the chain in the niche, where Montresor abandoned it, almost takes the breath of the readers. All these effects are incorporated in the plot of the story through the help of the flashback mechanism. I n â€Å"The Tell- Tale Heart†, the revelation of the crime and the recovery of the body also take place by the use of flash back which is brilliantly represented and would not have been at all possible to wind up the story so brilliantly without the mechanism of flashback. Imagery in Poe’s story can definitely be compared to the images of Keats’ poem. The only difference with the images of the great romantic Keats with that of Poe is that Poe’s images

Haitian culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Haitian culture - Research Paper Example For instance they think that an angry spirit, most probably enlisted by a foe, causes physical deformity. Haitians freely touch friends and family (Colin, 2006). Healthcare providers can freely touch them, in fact, they might touch healthcare providers to let them know that they are being spoken to (Colin, 2006). They have a closely knit family and extended family system. Normally three generations lived together under one roof in small homes. They have a male dominant social system where the men make family decisions. Behind the scenes than men are highly influential (Colin, 2006). But in case of a healthcare situation the spokesperson can be the father, mother or any other person of that family. Haitian culture is based on male chauvinism (Colin, 2006), where men considered themselves free of household responsibilities and childcare. They are expected to be the sole providers and the authority figure that disciplines the children. The women in a family are the real backbone as they manage all operation. Fathers are usually the distant figures that rule with authority. However, there is a changing trend among Haitians living in the United States. Many intergenerational conflicts are occurring with parents and their children hold opposing views. Sex, peer affiliations and roles within a family are among the top issues for such conflict. The females of a family provided caring role. Healthcare providers need to understand this information because certain traditional norms are important to understand to be prepared when taking care of Haitian families. Among family and friends, Haitians keep very close personal space (Colin, 2006). With strangers however, they keep a distance while talking or during any other form of communication. Healthcare providers can stand close to the patients. Haitians are very hospitable people. They would offer the most comfortable space to the guests. The Haitian culture represents the tribal mindset.

Art and Architecture of Africa-Identification of terms Assignment

Art and Architecture of Africa-Identification of terms - Assignment Example It was common with ancient Egypt. It came to use under the kingdom of pharaoh Sneferu (Crouch, 34). In architecture, zoomorphic architecture refers to architecture that, designs tend to build buildings in resemblance of animals. In other contexts, it pertains to deity or being conceived in the form of an animal. In abstract terms, it represents or uses animal forms. Bet Medhane is a name that revolves around the ability of a person to possess tools to become an original person with a highly creative approach. Therefore, it is essential in art as much as originality is. Verdite is the name given to the two types of green stones found in South Africa, which are used in curving sculptures (PALMER, 5). Ankh is also known as the key of life and was associated with ancient Egypt as a representative of eternal life. Afo-A-Komis a wooden sculpture that was curved as sacred sculpture among the Kom people one of the tribes found in Cameroon (Kostof, 46). Wattle and Daub, on the other hand, refers to a building material used in making walls. It is important in architecture as it involve woven lattice of wooden strips in making beautiful walls. A white lady is a female ghost who has been known to be seen in rural areas across the world and associated with a local tragedy (Begg, 35). It forms part of modern art in acting and stage show movies. Apedemak refe rs to a lion headed warrior god who was known as one of the gods of the Nubia among the Meroitic

Assignment prompt Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Prompt - Assignment Example â€Å"Cask of Amontillado† bears a setting of a city which is anonymous and probably the time period is somewhere in or around 18th century. The point that triggers a query regarding this story in mind is about its anonymity. Is this anonymity deliberate or just for the sake of plot development? The question that â€Å"The Tell-Tale† raises is about the extreme use of psychological element in Gothic and what exactly the symbol of vulture, or the eyes of a vulture to be more precise, stands in the story. A thorough and a close introspection into the stories will easily inform its readers that the plots of both the fictions are constituted deliberately in a format that will arouse the feeling of suspense among them. In the story, â€Å"Cask of Amontillado†, the use of flashback is to put stress on the episode on which the total mystery of the story is banking upon. Montresor’s motive of murder is for the readers to solve and detect the mystery without a detective in the story and hence, the use of flashback in this regard becomes more essential. The last few sentences of the story clarify the motive of the writer. The expression of Montresor and his mentioning about the period of murder builds horror in the story and recalling of the hanging of Fortunato’s body from the chain in the niche, where Montresor abandoned it, almost takes the breath of the readers. All these effects are incorporated in the plot of the story through the help of the flashback mechanism. I n â€Å"The Tell- Tale Heart†, the revelation of the crime and the recovery of the body also take place by the use of flash back which is brilliantly represented and would not have been at all possible to wind up the story so brilliantly without the mechanism of flashback. Imagery in Poe’s story can definitely be compared to the images of Keats’ poem. The only difference with the images of the great romantic Keats with that of Poe is that Poe’s images

Art and Architecture of Africa-Identification of terms Assignment

Art and Architecture of Africa-Identification of terms - Assignment Example It was common with ancient Egypt. It came to use under the kingdom of pharaoh Sneferu (Crouch, 34). In architecture, zoomorphic architecture refers to architecture that, designs tend to build buildings in resemblance of animals. In other contexts, it pertains to deity or being conceived in the form of an animal. In abstract terms, it represents or uses animal forms. Bet Medhane is a name that revolves around the ability of a person to possess tools to become an original person with a highly creative approach. Therefore, it is essential in art as much as originality is. Verdite is the name given to the two types of green stones found in South Africa, which are used in curving sculptures (PALMER, 5). Ankh is also known as the key of life and was associated with ancient Egypt as a representative of eternal life. Afo-A-Komis a wooden sculpture that was curved as sacred sculpture among the Kom people one of the tribes found in Cameroon (Kostof, 46). Wattle and Daub, on the other hand, refers to a building material used in making walls. It is important in architecture as it involve woven lattice of wooden strips in making beautiful walls. A white lady is a female ghost who has been known to be seen in rural areas across the world and associated with a local tragedy (Begg, 35). It forms part of modern art in acting and stage show movies. Apedemak refe rs to a lion headed warrior god who was known as one of the gods of the Nubia among the Meroitic

Context whose reality Essay Example for Free

Context whose reality Essay The reality that we create is unique to our own experiences. What is real? What is reality? The notion of reality is inextricably linked to the subjectivity of individual human existence. Reality is defined as the state of being real; what we can perceive through our senses. In essence, reality is viewed differently by each individual, through the intensity of his/her past experiences, values, emotions and perspective. Consider this, three blind men all touch a different part of the elephant but are unable to recognize that it is indeed an elephant. Based on their own subjective impressions, thoughts and feelings, each arrive at different conclusions. The man who touched the trunk, said it was a snake; the man who touched its belly, said it was a wall. And the man who felt the elephant’s tusk, and said it was a spear and another felt its ear and said it was like a hand fan. All of the men were in heated disagreement. The story of the elephant and the blind man is a popular proverb in Buddhist mythology. The blind men all made inferences about the object based on their assumptions, their biases and prior experiences. The blind men were dependent upon different spheres of perception. Our perception is determined and skewed by environmental variables that refract events according to what kind of person we are and the events that have led us to believe what is real. The three blind men in this anecdote held pieces of the truth, determined by their lack of experience which had caused them failure to perceive the whole picture. The process of perception shows that many individuals can be mistaken. The simple fact is that the way people process â€Å"reality† is subject to interpretation. It depends upon the individual’s mindset and past experiences at point in time. POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG)

Stakeholder Analysis

Stakeholder Analysis 1. Briefly describe the seven steps of stakeholder analysis A. map stakeholder relationship Before the stakeholder relationship has been made, there are some questions that will be asked for analysis and identifying major stakeholder. The stakeholder to be selected must knowledgeable, current and close to the source of the issue at hand. The stakeholder analysis is only as valid and reliable as the sources and the processes use to obtain the information. For example, if the Mattel’s recalls, you would place the Mattel Inc. in the centre stakeholder box and then continue identifying the other groups involved with that issue. B. map stakeholder coalitions After identify and make a map of the stakeholders who is going to involved in the firm in the incident addressed, this step is to determine and map any coalitions that have formed. The coalition among the stakeholder is important. Interest groups and lobbyists sometimes join force against a common ‘enemy’. If the numbers of the advantages is seeing by, the competitor may join force. Mapping actual and potential coalitions around issues can help the CEO anticipate and design strategic responses toward these groups before or after they form. C. assess the nature of each stakeholders interest There are four types of stakeholders the CEO may face in the company. That is supportive, non-supportive, mixed blessing and marginal. The supportive and the non-supportive will against the CEO. While the mixed blessing and the marginal, the CEO are less sure for their support for the strategy. The opening example like Mattel, if you are the CEO, along with his staff, you might determine that the support of Mattel would be many. Non-supportive stakeholders or those who may include some shareholders and their lawyers, the Chinese government, members of the U.S. government, the victims and their families, consumers, competitors and the media. The interest of these stakeholders is varying. By systematically, completing this audit, as a CEO in facing the crisis, it can create a broader or more objective picture in the situation faced. D. assess the nature of each stakeholders power There are eight types of power that different stakeholders exert, first, voting power, the ability of stakeholders to exert control through strength in numbers. Second, political power where the ability to influence decision making processes and agendas of republic and private organizations and institutions. The third is economic power, which the ability to influence by control over resources either monetary or physical. Forth, the technological power where the ability to influence innovations and decisions through uses of technology. The fifth is the legal power by the ability to influence laws, policies and procedure. The sixth is the environment power, where the ability to impact the nature. The seventh is the culture power, the ability to influence values, norms and habit of people and organizations and the last one is the power over individuals and groups. This is the ability to influence particular, targeted persons and groups through different forms persuasions. For instances, the Mattel suggests that shareholders, number of congress and individual constituent have voting power over the Mattel policies and officers jobs and responsibilities. In that case, the Chinese contractors and government representatives the economy power over the Mattel expenses and profit. While the U.S. government also use the political power for the Mattel’s operating and manufacturing polices and the process. E. construct a matrix of stakeholder moral responsibilities This step is to determine the responsibilities and moral obligations for company have to each stakeholder. A matrix of stakeholder has their own responsibilities. For example, the Mattel’s CEO may see the firm’s economic responsibility to the owner to preventing as many costly lawsuits as possible. Legally, the CEO may want to protect the owners and the executive team from liability and damage. This would entail proactively negotiating disputes outside the courts. Ethically, the CEO may keep the company’s stockholders and owners current regarding his or her ethical thinking and strategies to show responsibility toward all stakeholders. To complete the matrix in this stage, the ethical principles can be referring to follow as: utilitarianism (weighing costs and benefits), universalism (showing respect and concern for human beings), rights (recognizing individual liberties and privileges under laws and constitutions), justice (observing the distribution of burdens and benefits of all concerned). In this stage, the CEO might advise shareholders to show responsibility by publicly announcing their plans for resolving the problem. F. develop specific strategic and tactics After get the result from the preceding steps, it can continue to outline specific strategies and tactics that wish to use with each stakeholder. Firstly, a CEO should consider whether to approach each stakeholder directly or indirectly. Secondly, need to decide whether to do nothing, monitor, or take an offensive or defensive position. Third is determine whether to accommodate negotiate, manipulate, resist, avoid or ‘wait and see’. Finally, the CEO can decide what combination of strategies those want to comply to achieve the goal. G. monitor shifting coalitions In this stage, the time and the event can change the stakes and the stakeholders and their strategic. Tracking external trends and events and the resultant stakeholder strategies can help CEO and his or her team act and react accordingly. This dynamics process that occurs over time and is affected by the strategic and action that a CEO and the team direct with each stakeholder group as events occur. Decisions of a CEO are influenced by how effective the stakeholders respond and the CEO team strategic and action. A CEO would typically follow the utilitarian ethic of weighing costs and benefits of all your strategies and actions toward each major stakeholder group. If the CEO neglecting the public, the company ‘bottom line’ can be affect. By following the Mattel case, when you see the child who is harmed or may be at risk, you might have attempted to take care of each child. You may recall the manufacture at China, then plan meeting with the person in charged and pay a vis it to the victim families to show the concern about the case and to protect the company image and reputation going forward. 2. Explain the diagnostic typology of organizational stakeholders The diagnostic typology of organizational stakeholders can be separate into two classes and four types. For the classes, the low class is the supportive and the marginal while the high class is mixed blessing and non-supportive. The diagnostic typology of organizational stakeholders shows two dimensions, that is potential for treat and potential for cooperation. The type one is the ideal strategic for the focus corporation. Type 1 is the supportive stakeholder with a low potential for threat and high potential for cooperation. Here the strategy of the focus company is to involve the supportive stakeholder. In contrast, the is a non-supportive stakeholder who show the high supportive for threat and a low potential for cooperation. The type four stakeholders is mixed blessing. The mixed blessing is with a high potential for threat and cooperation. In this situation, the stakeholder could become the supportive or non-supportive. And the last one is the type two, the marginal stakeholder . This stakeholder has a low potential for both threat and cooperation. This kind of stakeholder may not be interested in the issue of concern. 3. Discuss the 7-phase issue development process using an example Seven phase issue development process are felt need, media coverage, interest group development and growth, leading political jurisdictions, federal government attention, legislation and regulation and litigation. The first is a felt need arises; this is for emerging events, advocacy groups. The second is media coverage. The media coverage is developing such as the television segment like news, internet, or the newspaper and other news and blogging sources. The third is the interest development gains momentum and grows. The fourth is the policies. These policies are adopted by leading political jurisdictions for cities, states and country. The federal government gives the attention to the issue occurred. The federal government have the responsible to hearing and the studies for the cases. The sixth is the issues and policies evolve into the legislation and regulation and the last one is issues and policies enter litigation. In the Mattel’s company, the CEO and the top level te am is use this framework to anticipate and prevent the recalls and also respond to the public about the cases. The Mattel toy recalls and its partnership with the Chinese contractors and subcontractors the outsourcing debate in general is related to the topic to analyse by using the second issue frame work that is media coverage. There is an article which is written by Christopher Clott’s with the title â€Å"Perspectives on Global Outsourcing and the Changing Nature of Work†. This article provided the excellent background information. These seven steps are useful in identifying and following the public issues like the Mattel’s Inc. faced. 4. Describe the 4-stage issue life cycle approach There are four stages in life cycle, which is social expectation, political issues, legislation and social control. The first step is social expectation and the awareness. In this process, it is about the social discussion and debate. The societal awareness is low at first and approached the highest at stage there that is legislative engagement and decrease when it reaches the stage four. The social awareness is like the emerging the events, advocacy books and so on. In the event, they will discuss about the problem occurred and debate about the problem. The interest group will pay the attention if the problem is related to them. The second of the stage of life cycle is the political awareness. The political awareness involved the media attention and the hearing is held. In this stage, is include the incorporate of the media coverage available in the country, the interest group development and growth and the leading political jurisdictions adopt policies. The third phase is the legis lative engagements which are law passed, legal involvement and regulations enacted. And the last stage is social control and litigation. This are include the compliance issues, legal conflict and court rulings. 5. Identify and explain the 4-stage approach to crisis management Crisis management is a method that to study how corporation and leaders respond to the crisis faced. By using this method, it is essential for understanding and possibly preventing the future fiascos because crises is continue to occur year by year. There are the four stages for crisis management. That is prodramal, acute, chronic and conflict resolution. The prodromal or pre-crisis is also known as the warning stage. The second stage still can proceed although this stage is not recognized or does not actually occur, but is requiring the damage control. For the example, Mattel experienced several recalls with its Chinese subcontractors. First recall is given by sending a warning sign that issues existed. Represented from the Mattel let the subcontractor takes blame at first. In the second stage, acute crisis which mean the damage has been done. This stage is use to control the damage as much as possible. This is the short stage among the four stages. In 2005, a toddler died from inge sting a magnet from a Mattel toy that was manufactured in China. Since there is no laws governing this type of incident, Mattel had not considered the risk faced. The third stage is the chronic crisis. The chronic crisis is also mean clean up stage. This is a period of recovery, self-analysis, self-doubt and healing. In this process, the congressional investigations, audits and interviews occurred. The final stage is crisis resolution. This stage is the goal of crisis management. In this stage, it is about what is the best solution for the problem occurred.

Creatine :: essays research papers

Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since the beginning of time, the body has been a sign of dominance. Creatine monohydrate has been around for over a hundred years, but it has been only used as a dietary supplement for the past decade. Over the years creatine has been one of the leading in supplements, and it is used worldwide. Creatine is neither a drug nor a steroid; it is a legal dietary supplement. Athletes use it to get the edge on competition and older people use it to stay healthy. It all depends on who wants to use it. With everything in the world, there is a positive and a negative creatine is no different. Being a user myself, I want find out problems that may later come up. I am looking to find what creatine can do for me, both positive and negative. Up to this point I love creatine and over a period of three years I have noticed a dramatic change. Creatine has helped me advance my athletic ability and hopefully to fulfill my dreams and goal. The world has just surpassed the millennium mark, but there is so much we still don't know. Creatine is a supplement that has not been looked at for its long-term effect, but in due time needs to be. With so many people reporting their benefits, creatine has to be doing something right, but who knows what is in store for the future? Until a fact has been stated, and proven that creatine is deadly, one shouldn't listen to myths. To some, creatine may be dangerous drug, but to analyze it, one must know what it actually is, the ways to use it, along with the pros and cons of using creatine. Body   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The year was 1886 a French scientist just happened to stumble upon a substance that would enhance muscle growth. Chevreul, the scientist, found that creatine is stored in the human body naturally. It is mostly stored in lean red muscle tissue in the form of creatine phosphate (Sahelian 49). To users, it is known as creatine, but to advance researchers it is known as methyl guadidine-acetic acid. Creatine is a combination of three substances; glycine, arginine, and methionine. Naturally found in the body, creatine provides the energy our muscles need to move. Creatine is produced in the liver, pancreas, and the kidneys. The way creatine works is very abstruse, but the first thing one must know is that creatine exists in two different forms.

Aims, Methods and Success of the use of Propaganda in Two Single Party

Compare and contrast the aims, methods and success of the use of propaganda in two single party states. Essentially, both Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler had the same fanatic desire to make their nations â€Å"Great† and gain considerable respect worldwide which would be determined by their economic might. Both leaders used various means of propaganda to achieve their ultimate aims. To what extent they were successful, however, is a debatable issue. Hitler could not achieve the solid control over the masses which he had, if he did not have the help of the so called powerful propaganda machine. Propaganda had been vital in winning the Nazis support that helped them come into power. As Goebbels stated in 1934 â€Å"Propaganda was [their] sharpest weapon in conquering the state, and remains [their] sharpest weapon in maintaining and building up the state†. The reason why Nazis relied on propaganda was first to keep the population contented and second win support for particular policies. Another rather ambitious aim of theirs was to indoctrinate the people with their Weltanschauung or in other words they were aiming to turn the population into committed members of their Volksgemeinschaft (a community whose members would be Aryan, genetically healthy, socially useful and politically committed to the regime). Nazi propaganda’s purpose was to influence people and to literally brainwash them without them even realizing it . Another aim was to ensure that the message delivered is so simple that even those without any education are able to understand it. It was carefully thought out to control and impose Nazi ideology. Hitler’s aim was to influence the nations spiritually on the behalf of the State and gain devoted followers on his side. He ... ...ngthen if not necessarily to convert millions to Fascism. It is a fact that Mussolini’s dictatorship was more conservative that that of Hitler’s reign of hostility and terror. Nevertheless, both leaders used propaganda extensively to promote their ideologies and policies. Hitler on one hand relied mostly on the media and other means of communication to propagate wherever and whenever it is possible, whereas Mussolini focused mainly on propagating in schools. Hitler’s propaganda was much more aggressive as it involved violence and thus differentiating his means from that of Mussolini’s. Last but not least, both leaders did achieve success to certain level trough propaganda in the sense that it increased popularity for the two regimes, Nazism and Fascism. Yet, there were many who opposed them secretly or not and thus arguing the extend to which they were successful.

Brain functions

Brain provides wider function in terms of biological changes that take place in one person; it is the central nervous system thus, it is responsible to overall functional development of the body. Moreover, the brain serves as the indicator of all the responses made by man, and so, any behavioral and/or psychological development coincides with his mental development. Scientists have made a very significant study on brain functioning of adolescents. A teen’s brain develops more rapidly according to them than what most people thought.Through the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), they have found out that the human brain â€Å"undergoes changes after sensitive period,†1 and develop throughout adolescent. Brain continues to develop until the age of twenty, and this development is remarkable and must be given enough attention by concerned individual, for in this period lies the future of these teens. Many mental health experts believe that these changes that occur in on e’s brain to prepare them to adulthood.2 It is a crucial stage in the development of brain because, along the physiological changes that take place in the brain, the psychological and emotional functioning of an adolescent carries with it also. These health professional had commented that, â€Å"adolescence and young adulthood is a time of great potential for change and development – then policymakers need increasingly to focus in the opportunities for helping and influencing young adults that this crucial stage presents. †3 Biological Changes that Occur in an Adolescent BrainThe brain controls the overall function of the body: the basic instinct, immune system, sexuality, language capacity, and even abstract thinking. Not only has that, even a person’s behavior or responses depended largely on how his brain functions, specifically, his capacity to adapt to changes brought about by external forces. Adolescent period is the turning point in the life of any person to adulthood; many could observe how differently a person when he turns to this period. Not all can understand these changes, even the person himself.In the biological development of the brain, renowned Biologist and Psychologist Jean Piaget observed that â€Å"the developing child builds cognitive structure. †4 He meant the child develops mental ‘maps’ scheme, or network concept for â€Å"understanding and responding to physical experiences with in his or her environment. †5 Piaget confirmed that cognitive structure increases with development moving from instinctive baby responses to highly complex mental activities of adolescence. In his theory6, he identifies four development stages and processes by which children progress through them.These are: 1) the sensorimotor stage (birth – 2years old) is where the child first learns through physical interaction with his or her environment and forms a set of ideas about ‘reality and how it wo rks. 2) The preoperational stage (2-7 years old) is the stage that the child needs ‘concrete physical situation because he can not yet conceptualize abstractly. 3) The concrete operation (7-11 years old), at this ages, the child is able to conceptualize creating ‘logical structures’ that gives him idea of his or her physical experiences.4) The formal operations (11-12 years old), the child already develops cognitive structures like those of an adult which include conceptual reasoning. Piaget further explains that during all development stages, the child experiences his or her environment using whatever mental maps he or she has constructed. By this, he said that repeated experience easily fits or assimilated into child’s cognitive structure that maintains his or her mental equilibrium.But if it is a new experience, the child loses equilibrium and alters cognitive structure to â€Å"accommodate the new conditions. Through this, the child develops more and m ore concrete cognitive structures. †7 Men and women differ in many aspects not only in physical attributes and sexes. They also differ even in the way of solving intellectual problems. The differences accordingly are minimal and were merely consequence of â€Å"variations in experiences during development before and after adolescence.†8 They pointed out that recently, evidence suggests that the effect of sex hormones on brain organization occur so early in life that from the start, the environment is acting on differently wired brains in boys and girls. †9 These then, make evaluating the role of experience independent of physiological disposition which is a difficult task. The basis of biological sex differences in brain and behavior â€Å"have become much better known through increasing numbers of behavioral neurological endocrinological studies. 10 These studies also emphasized that observations show that males are more aggressive than females.Males engage in m ore rough play while females are more ‘nurturing. ’ It was also noted that males are better at a variety of spatial tasks. It concludes that male and female are better differentiated in the â€Å"level of exposure to various sex hormones early in life. †11 According to the studies conducted by Dr. Elizabeth Sowell, Assistant Professor of Neurology Laboratory of New Imaging, UCLA, â€Å"the discoveries particularly of post adolescent frontal lobe motivation provides new insight for interpreting occasionally trouble some behavior.She noted that â€Å"teens in typical western society are notorious for being poor planners, having difficulty interpreting potential consequences of their actions. 12 That these teens have difficulty controlling their emotions and having trouble inhibiting inappropriate behaviors. Dr. Sowell pointed out that â€Å"frontal lobes are responsible for planning, organization, and impulse control all functions typically underdeveloped during adolescence. †13 The result of the studies suggested that on-going changes in brain structure play a role.She said that â€Å"patterns of cortical maturation and degeneration between childhood and old age likely to reflect changing behavioral functions and cognitive abilities across the human life span. †14 The study used computerized brain image analyses to create three dimensional maps of gray matter change in the human cerebral cortex across a decades (7-87 years) involving 176 normal individuals and studies with MRI. Findings showed gray matter increase until about age 30. Whereas gray matter is also observed because of synaptic pruning, and continued myelination occurs during adolescent period.Both synaptic pruning and increased myelination are â€Å"cellular changes that result in a more fine tuned efficient brain. †15 It was also observed that pattern of gray matter loss were more rapid between 7 and 60 years old. Results of this study show that the †Å"trajectory of maturation aging effects vary considerably over the cortex with primary visual, auditory and limbic cortices known to myelinate relatively early in development showing a more linear pattern of aging. †16 Psychological Adjustment Due to Changes in BrainA group of health professionals explained some remarkable changes that take place in the behavior of a youth17 such as: sense of independence and exploration; formation of social bonds (they would choose to be with friends than with family members); they have powerful urges for sexual behavior; they have powerful emotional responses; they have greater tendency to acquire high-risk behavior because they cannot sustain with reason their impulsive behavior; youth are also vulnerable to addiction such as drugs and alcohol, their brain is sensitive with these elements; they also have inclination to materialism or consumerism; and in rare instances, some may experience mental illness or psychological disorder especially if the thinning of grey matter is greater, such as in the case of schizophrenia and bipolar. Conclusion Environment should not be blamed for what the behavior manifests in youth. Young people should not also be blamed for they themselves cannot comprehend what is going on inside them.At this crucial stage in their lives, they can experience different impulses and changes in their behavior. Sad to say, many of these youth have gone astray choosing a different path for them, which in turn, did not benefit them at all. Youth is the future of the nation, a country must invest on them, their energy and potential must be realized for greater benefit of all. But this could become possible if the government and the society must work hand in hand to meet the basic needs of the youth. As mental health professionals pointed out, services for these youth should be made available or else, we may never realize their full potential, they noted:18Commissioners need to consider the specific needs o f this age group when planning and commissioning services; failure to do so may contribute to the development of mental health service users being stuck in a cycle of hopelessness, unable to realize their full potential. Footnotes 1 â€Å"The Adolescent Brain. † http://www. sfn. org/index. cfm? pagename=brainBriefings_Adolescent _brain 2 â€Å"The Adolescent Brain. † http://www. sfn. org/index. cfm? pagename=brainBriefings_Adolescent _brain 3 â€Å"The Adolescent Brain. † http://www. sfn. org/index. cfm? pagename=brainBriefings_Adolescent _brain 4 Funderstanding. http://www. fundertanding. com/piaget. cfm5 Funderstanding. http://www. fundertanding. com/piaget. cfm 6 Funderstanding. http://www. fundertanding. com/piaget. cfm 7 Funderstanding. http://www. fundertanding. com/piaget. cfm 8Kimura, Doreen. â€Å"Sex Differences in the Brain. † SideBar. http://www. sciam. com/article. cfmID=00018E9D-1D06-8E49809EC588EEDF 9 Kimura, Doreen. â€Å"Sex Differences in the Brain. † SideBar. http://www. sciam. com/article. cfmID=00018E9D-1D06-8E49809EC588EEDF 10 Kimura, Doreen. â€Å"Sex Differences in the Brain. † SideBar. http://www. sciam. com/article. cfmID=00018E9D-1D06-8E49809EC588EEDF 11 Kimura, Doreen. â€Å"Sex Differences in the Brain. † SideBar. http://www. sciam. com/article.cfmID=00018E9D-1D06-8E49809EC588EEDF 12 Sowell, Elizabeth, Ph. D. â€Å"adolescent Brain Development. † http://www. loni. ucla. edu/-esowell/PBS. html 13 Sowell, Elizabeth, Ph. D. â€Å"adolescent Brain Development. † http://www. loni. ucla. edu/-esowell/PBS. html 14 Sowell, Elizabeth, Ph. D. â€Å"adolescent Brain Development. † http://www. loni. ucla. edu/-esowell/PBS. html 15 Sowell, Elizabeth, Ph. D. â€Å"adolescent Brain Development. † http://www. loni. ucla. edu/-esowell/PBS. html 16 Sowell, Elizabeth, Ph. D. â€Å"adolescent Brain Development. † http://www. loni. ucla. edu/-esowell/PBS. html 17  "The Adolescent Brain. † loc. cit. 18 â€Å"â€Å"A Work in Progress: loc. cit.

Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Essay

India is a vast country known for its diversified culture and traditions. The unique characteristic of India is its â€Å"unity in diversity†. In India Relationships and feeling plays a larger role in decisions. Indians tend to take larger risks with a person whose intentions they trust. Thus, one’s credibility and trustworthiness are critical in negotiating a deal. Indians are ‘polychronic’ people, ie they tend to deal with more than one task at the same time. Indians are cautious in accepting a new idea or proposals. The information about who has implemented it or who has proposed it has a major influence on the decision about a new idea. One of the most significant culture influences on Indian culture is that of hierarchy. For example, only the owner or the most superior person of a company will make business decision. Even if you are dealing with a manager, they will always go to the boss for a final decision. Hofstede’s Research on National culture: Power Distance (77): Power Distance describes how a society deals with the inequalities in power that exists among people. Societies characterized by high power distance are relatively indifferent to inequalities and the gap between powerful and weak is maximum. By contrast, in societies with low power distance the gaps between the powerful and weak are minimal. In India most of the people belongs to the middle class category. So the upper category people control most of the decision making and buying power. In Organizations, the degree of centralization of authority and autocratic leadership determines power distance. The social structure of organizations in India is based on superior – subordinate relationship. Once the hierarchy is establishes, juniors yield to seniors on every conceivable occasion. For example, they standup when the boss enters the office, speak humbly and politely. India has to change a lot in this dimension. Even though they are many politicians caught in scams like 2G scams, still they are not arrested beacuse of there power and corruption. I wish India will become a low power distance country very soon. Individualism/Collectivism (48): This dimension is based on the extent to which individuals value personal independence or group membership. Individualist culture values personal goals, independence and privacy. Collectivist culture is showing the loyalty to groups. Members of the collectivist society are expected to subordinate their individual interests for the benefit of their in- groups ie, family or organization. Hofstede classified India as dominant on the collectivism dimension. In Organizations, people work as a team rather than individual. Employees are seen as hard working, as loyal to the company and highly motivated to do new things. Masculinity/Femininity (56): Masculine cultures tend to value competitiveness, ambitions and accumulation of wealth. Feminine cultures emphasize nurturing roles, interdependence among people and taking care of less fortune people. Indians are more focused on career and earning money as well as they takes care for others. In workplace employees help each other’s instead of emphasize their work. Hofstede classified India as Masculinity country. However, the culture in organizations is more feminine. That means there is a slight preference for achievements and material success. Uncertainty Avoidance (40): The extent to which people can tolerate risk and uncertainty in their lives. People in India do not accept or deal with ambiguous or risky situations. Recently, with the raise of literacy rate among the people, some section of the people is taking risk by engaging in entrepreneurial activities without thinking about the job security. Gradually people will adapt or encourage new innovations and accept the different approaches in dealing with the situation. Long-term/Short-term orientation (61): It denotes the degree to which people and organizations defer gratification to achieve long-term success. In India people and organization with a long-term orientation culture tend to take the long view to planning and living. With this long-term orientation India has experienced a remarkable economic growth while most of the western countries experienced an economical downfall. Indulgence/Restraint: Indulgence denotes the society that allows the free expression of thoughts and allows the gratification of needs related to enjoying life and having fun. Restraint denotes the regulation of the gratification of needs by means of strict rules or norms. In India everyone has a right to express and live freely as they like. In organizations even though employees can express their ideas or thoughts they have to be approved by top level people to bring them in to action.

A Competitive And Strategic Corporate Analysis Marketing Essay

A Competitive And Strategic Corporate Analysis Marketing Essay Introduction The airline industry is one of the most difficult business sectors where competition has proven to be extremely difficult among the many different competing airline services available around the world. Many airline services in the past have experienced disastrous business cycle, timeliness and overcapacity issues. Moreover, the different airline services also complain of their experienced difficulty in differentiating themselves from competition. These airline services also maintain such high-risk profiles because of such high expectations from their customers (Wirt, Heracleous & Pangarkar, 2007). Singapore Airlines, one of the strongest and famous airline service providers, remains to be one of the most profitable airline companies in the world today. Several reasons can be attributed to the huge success that Singapore Airlines enjoys today. One is its strong brand management strategies driven mainly by its excellent line-up of top-management and boardroom employees. S ingapore Airlines is composed of many dedicated and professional employees both in its front and back-end office who serve as the drivers of its solid brand strategy (Roll, M. 2010). Singapore Airlines is truly a global and diversified organization unified by one aim of delivering excellent quality and service to its customers. What separates this airline from other airline service companies is its heavy investment in building and maintaining its solid brand equity. The Singapore Airlines brand is known for its consistency in delivering its primary message to its consumers which is â€Å"Singapore Airlines- A great way to fly† coupled with its dedicated and honest delivery of that communication message to its consumers (Roll, M. 2010). The brand strategy of the Singapore Airlines is centered on its world-class in-flight experience: the warmth and hospitality of the Singapore Girl, its excellent service and its focus on the customer. Whereas other competing airline services al so tried to pursue the path that Singapore Airlines has taken, no other airline has matched Singapore Airlines in terms of its honest commitment and consistency in delivering its brand promise to its consumers (Roll, M. 2010). As a result, the Singapore Airlines brand managed to deliver excellent financial results through its three-fold strategy: a.) Avoiding knee-jerk reactionary behaviors on any price changes and consistently deliver the brand benefits in order to maintain a high revenue b.) Cut down the costs by pursuing ownership of the best yet most cost-efficient aircrafts and properly responding to increases in fuel prices and c.) Remaining true to the brand in terms of consistency in delivering service to drive up profits (Roll, M. 2010). Background This report-based paper on the â€Å"Competitive and Strategic Corporate Analysis of the Singapore Airlines† aims to evaluate the Singapore Airline’s actual application of the various analytical and planning tools i n Strategic Management. This paper will also discuss the overall strategic posture of Singapore Airlines at the corporate level, that is, whether it is pursuing a global strategy, multi-domestic strategy, international strategy or transnational strategy. Also, this paper will also evaluate whether the company’s management structure and philosophy is aligned with its overall strategic posture. Finally, this paper will come up with a list of recommendations with regard to the company’s strategic focus. Several recommendations will be presented in order for the company to improve and maintain its competitive position.